Description
River Birch (Betula nigra) is a hardy, fast-growing deciduous tree known for its attractive peeling bark, disease resistance, and adaptability to wet soils. Native to the eastern United States, River Birch has distinctive cinnamon-colored bark that peels in papery layers, revealing lighter bark underneath, which adds year-round visual interest, particularly in winter. Its foliage emerges in a vibrant green in spring, turns yellow in the fall, and forms a dense canopy that provides excellent shade.
Typically reaching heights of 40 to 70 feet with a spread of 30 to 50 feet, River Birch is well-suited for larger landscapes, wetland areas, and erosion control along riverbanks or ponds. It thrives in USDA zones 4-9 and performs best in full sun to partial shade. While it is highly tolerant of wet and poorly draining soils, River Birch is also adaptable to drier conditions once established, though it will benefit from consistent moisture in dry climates.
River Birch requires minimal maintenance, with occasional pruning to remove any dead or crossing branches, ideally done in late fall or winter to prevent sap bleeding. It is naturally resistant to pests and diseases, including the bronze birch borer, making it a popular alternative to other birch species in warmer and more humid regions.
With its distinctive bark, lush foliage, and resilience, River Birch is a favorite for naturalized and formal landscapes alike. It provides a unique blend of beauty and function, serving as a stunning focal point, shade tree, or erosion control solution in wet areas.
